That emulates the functions of some other physical or virtual computer (hypothetical computer) device driver programs that translate general operating system commands into speciﬁc references to hardware details a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a device virtual machine: interpretation As the L1 program is running, each of its instructions could be decoded and executed by a program written in language L0. register storage locations in the CPU that hold intermediate results of operations virtual machine A software program machine language a numeric language specifically understood by a computer's processor (CPU) What type of relationship does assembly language and machine language have? One-to-one relationship: Each assembly language instruction corresponds to a single machine-language instruction. Is AL portable? Assembly language is not portable, because it is designed for a speciﬁc processor family. Why don't programmers write application programs in machine language? It is very detailed and consists purely of numbers.

Writing program in machine language is